🇯🇵
Capital
Tokyo (東京)
Population
125.7 million
Area
377,975 km²
Currency
Yen (¥ / JPY)
Official Language
Japanese (日本語)
National Animal
Green Pheasant (Kiji)
National Bird
Green Pheasant
National Flower
Cherry Blossom (Sakura)
Government
Constitutional Monarchy
Continent
Asia (East)
📌 Key Facts
Tokyo metro area (37M people) is the world's largest urban agglomeration
Japan has the world's oldest monarchy — Emperor Naruhito, 126th Emperor
Invented: bullet trains (Shinkansen), karaoke, instant noodles, and the selfie stick
Japan consists of 6,852 islands — Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, and Shikoku are the main four
Formerly known as Edo, Tokyo became the Imperial capital in 1869 when Emperor Meiji moved from Kyoto
⏱️ Quiz — Japan
What is Tokyo called in English translation, and why was it chosen as capital over the ancient imperial city?
🇦🇺
Capital
Canberra (ACT)
Population
26.5 million
Area
7,617,930 km²
Currency
Australian Dollar (AUD)
Official Language
English (de facto)
National Animal
Red Kangaroo + Emu
National Flower
Golden Wattle (Acacia)
National Bird
Emu (on coat of arms)
Government
Federal Parliamentary Monarchy
Continent
Oceania / Australia
📌 Key Facts
Canberra was built between Sydney and Melbourne in 1913 to resolve their rivalry for the capital title
Both the kangaroo and emu appear on the coat of arms — chosen because neither can walk backwards (symbolising progress)
Australia is the only country that is also a continent — and the world's 6th largest country by area
80% of Australians live within 100km of the coast despite having a vast interior (the "Outback")
Australia is home to 21 of the world's 25 most venomous snakes
⏱️ Quiz — Australia
Why were the kangaroo and emu chosen for Australia's coat of arms — and what do they symbolise?
🇧🇷
Capital
Brasília
Population
215 million
Area
8,510,346 km²
Currency
Real (R$ / BRL)
Official Language
Portuguese
National Animal
Rufous-bellied Thrush (bird)
Unofficial Animal
Jaguar (Onça-pintada)
National Flower
Cattleya labiata (orchid)
Government
Federal Presidential Republic
Continent
South America
📌 Key Facts
Brasília was built from scratch in the central savanna — inaugurated 21 April 1960. Architect: Oscar Niemeyer. Planner: Lúcio Costa
Rio de Janeiro was the capital until 1960. Brasília was built to decentralise power from the coast
The Amazon rainforest covers 60% of Brazil — the largest rainforest on Earth
Brazil has the world's largest carnival (Rio de Janeiro) and the world's most football (soccer) World Cup titles: 5
Brazil is the only Portuguese-speaking country in the Americas — all neighbours speak Spanish
⏱️ Quiz — Brazil
Why did Brazil build an entirely new capital city in the middle of the savanna instead of using Rio de Janeiro?
🇨🇦
Capital
Ottawa, Ontario
Population
38.2 million
Area
9,984,670 km²
Currency
Canadian Dollar (CAD)
Official Languages
English + French
National Animal
North American Beaver
National Bird
Canada Jay (Grey Jay)
National Flower
Common Blue Violet
Government
Federal Parliamentary Monarchy
Continent
North America
📌 Key Facts
Ottawa was chosen as capital in 1857 by Queen Victoria — reportedly she pointed to it on a map to avoid choosing between Toronto and Montreal
Canada has the world's longest coastline (202,080 km) and the most lakes of any country (3 million+)
The beaver was chosen as national animal for its role in the fur trade that built Canada's early economy
Canada produces 71% of the world's maple syrup — Quebec alone accounts for 90% of Canadian production
Despite its size, 90% of Canadians live within 160km of the US border
⏱️ Quiz — Canada
Why is the beaver Canada's national animal — and what historical era does it represent?
🇳🇿
Capital
Wellington
Population
5.1 million
Area
268,021 km²
Currency
New Zealand Dollar (NZD)
Official Languages
English, Māori, NZ Sign Language
National Animal
Kiwi (Apteryx australis)
National Bird
Kiwi — nocturnal, flightless
National Flower
Kōwhai (Sophora microphylla)
Government
Unitary Parliamentary Monarchy
Continent
Oceania (Zealandia)
📌 Key Facts
Wellington became capital in 1865 — chosen over Auckland because it is geographically more central on the North Island
The kiwi bird cannot fly, is nocturnal, and lays the largest egg relative to body size of any bird in the world
New Zealand was the first country in the world to give women the right to vote (1893)
Geologically, New Zealand sits on a submerged continent called Zealandia — 94% of which is underwater
Peter Jackson filmed The Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit trilogies here — tourism grew 50% after the films
⏱️ Quiz — New Zealand
What extraordinary biological fact makes the kiwi bird unique among birds in the world?
🌍
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